SECTION A
1. Answer any four of the following (Maximum 150 words):
(a) Discuss reversible thermodynamic processes.
(10)
(b) Write short note on fugacity.
(10)
(c) Write short note on reactors in series.
(10)
(d) A solution of naphthalene, C10H8, in benzene, C6 H6, contains 25 mole per cent of
naphthalene. Express the composition of the solution in weight percent.
(10)
(e) A solution of Sodium Chloride in water contains 230 grams of NaCl per liter at 20°C. The
density of solution at this temperature is 1.148 grams per cubic centimeter, calculate :
(i) Volumetric percent of water
(ii) Composition in mole percent
(iii) Modality.
Note : density of water at 20° C = 0.998 g/cc.
2. (a) The liquid phase reaction,
(where K1=8 liter/mol.min
K2=3 liter/mol.min)
is carried out in 150 litre stirred tank reactor under steady state conditions. Reactants A and B
are fed to the reactor at equal volumetric flow rates. The concentrations of A and B streams
are 2.8 mole A/ litre and 1.6 mole B/litre. What should be the flow rate of each stream to get
75% conversion of the limiting reactant?
(25)
(b) Prove that the heat transferred equals the enthalpy change of the system for a mechanically
reversible, constant-volume, constant-pressure, non- flow processes.
(15)
3 (a) A steel casting [Cp = 0.5 kJ kg-1 K-1] weighing 40 kg and at a temperature of 450°C is
quenched in 150 kg of oil [Cp = 2.5 kJ kg-1 K-l at 25°C. If there are no heat losses, what is the
change in entropy of :
(i) the casting,
(ii) the oil and
(iii) both considered together? (25)
(b) Derive the expression for the design equation of tubular reactor. (15)
4. (a) One litre/mm of liquid containing A and B [CA0 = 0.10 mol/litre, CBO =0.01 mol/litre] flow
into a mixed reactor of volume of one litre. The materials react in a complex manner for
which the stoichiometry is unknown. The outlet streak from the reactor contains A, B and
C(CAf = 0.02 mol/litre, Cbt= 0.03 mol/litre, Ccf = 0.04 mol/litre). Find the rate of reaction of
A, B and C for the conditions within the reactor. (20)
(b) Chlorobenzene is nitrated using a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. During the pilot
plant studies, a charge consisted of 100 kg chlorobenzene (CB), 106.5 kg 65.5% (by weight)
nitric acid and 108 kg 93.6% (by weight) sulphuric acid. After two hours of operation, the
final mixture was analysed. It was found that the final product contained 2% unreacted
chlorobenzene. Also the product distribution was found to be 66% p-nitrochlorobenzene and
34% o-nitrochloro benzene, calculate:
(i) The analysis of charge
(ii) The percentage conversion of chlorobenzene.
(20)
SECTION B
5. Answer any four of the following in brief (Maximum 150 words):
(a) PERT
(10)
(b) Break-even analysis
(10)
(c) Biogas
(10)
(d) Essential oils
(10)
(e) Norms for air emission.
(10)
6. Describe manufacture of ammonia giving neat flow diagram and discuss its major pollution
problems.
(40)
7. (a) Suggest and justi1’ a location for a soda ash plant.
(20)
(b) Discuss greenhouse effect.
(20)
8. (a) Discuss cracking in brief.
(20)
(b) The original value of a piece of equipment is Rs. 22,000. Its salvage value is Rs. 2,000 at the
end of service life of 10 years. Determine the book value of the equipment at the end of 5
years using:
(i) Straight-line method
(ii) Textbook declining-balance method
(iii) Double declining-balance method.
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