SECTION A
1. Answer any four of the following (4 x 10 = 40)
(a) What is Bernoulli equation? Determine it for the flow of a compressible fluid in a pipeline.(b) Discuss, with the help of a sketch, the principle of steam jet ejector for creating vacuum.(c) Explain the mechanism of heat transfer in nucleate pool boiling of liquids.(d) Discuss penetration theory of mass transfer. How does it differ from surface renewal theory?(e) Describe the construction and working of a Swenson-Walker crystallizer.
2. (a) Discuss differential and cumulative methods of screen analysis. (10)(b) Explain the construction and operation of a plate and frame filter press. (10)(c) What is area meter? Explain its operation. (10)(d) Determine an expression for terminal velocity of solid particles settling freely in a fluid stream. Modify the above expression for the case of hindered settling. (10)
(a) What is Bernoulli equation? Determine it for the flow of a compressible fluid in a pipeline.(b) Discuss, with the help of a sketch, the principle of steam jet ejector for creating vacuum.(c) Explain the mechanism of heat transfer in nucleate pool boiling of liquids.(d) Discuss penetration theory of mass transfer. How does it differ from surface renewal theory?(e) Describe the construction and working of a Swenson-Walker crystallizer.
2. (a) Discuss differential and cumulative methods of screen analysis. (10)(b) Explain the construction and operation of a plate and frame filter press. (10)(c) What is area meter? Explain its operation. (10)(d) Determine an expression for terminal velocity of solid particles settling freely in a fluid stream. Modify the above expression for the case of hindered settling. (10)
3. (a) Differentiate between free and forced convection. Describe the procedure to calculate heat transfer coefficient under free convection. (10)(b) Explain effectiveness of a heat exchanger. Obtain its expression for a parallel flow heat exchanger in terms of NTU and capacity ratio. (10)(c) Discuss the effect of boiling point elevation on the capacity of an evaporator. (10)(d) Define emissivity of a body. How is it related to absorptivity? (10)
4. (a) Derive Rayleigh equation for differential distillation of a binary system. (10)(b) Discuss pressure drop characteristics of packed columns and explain the significance of flooding point. (10)(c) Explain the mechanism of moisture movement during drying of a solid. (10)(d) Briefly explain the construction and operation of a packed extraction tower. (10)
4. (a) Derive Rayleigh equation for differential distillation of a binary system. (10)(b) Discuss pressure drop characteristics of packed columns and explain the significance of flooding point. (10)(c) Explain the mechanism of moisture movement during drying of a solid. (10)(d) Briefly explain the construction and operation of a packed extraction tower. (10)
SECTION B
5. Answer any four of the following (4 x 10 = 40)(a) Explain the concept of cross flow micro filtration along with its advantages over conventional filtration.
(b) Name various types of heads commonly used in cylindrical vessels. Draw their sketches and list areas of applications.
(c) Mention stepwise procedure for the design of a torispherical head for a cylindrical vessel.
(d) What is final value theorem? How is it used to determine response of a system? Explain it with suitable examples.
(e) Discuss cascade control and its application in process industries.
6. (a) Describe procedure of immersion precipitation process for the production of membranes. (10)
(b) Explain, with the aid of a sketch, the working of an electro dialysis. (10)(c) What is pervaporation? Explain it with the help of a neat sketch and also indicate areas of its application. (10)(d) Discuss ion-exchange separation process for the demineralization of water. (10)
7. An autoclave of 7.9 m3 volume capacity has ellipsoidal heads (major to minor axis ratio = 2:1) at its top and bottom ends. The autoclave is subjected to a maximum pressure of 8 MN/m2. The allowable stress of the material (carbon steel) is 1040 MN/m2. Weld joint efficiency is 85 per cent. Determine optimum dimensions of the autoclave if the following cost ratios are applicable:
(a) The cost of fabricated shell is estimated to vary inversely with D”4 where D is the inside diameter of the autoclave.
(b) The fabricated cost of top and bottom heads per unit weight is 1.5 times the fabricated cost of shell per unit weight. A 12 mm plate is available in store. Check if it can be used for the fabrication of shell of the autoclave. Alternatively, suggest the suitable thickness of plate required for the fabrication of shell of the autoclave. (40)
(b) Explain, with the aid of a sketch, the working of an electro dialysis. (10)(c) What is pervaporation? Explain it with the help of a neat sketch and also indicate areas of its application. (10)(d) Discuss ion-exchange separation process for the demineralization of water. (10)
7. An autoclave of 7.9 m3 volume capacity has ellipsoidal heads (major to minor axis ratio = 2:1) at its top and bottom ends. The autoclave is subjected to a maximum pressure of 8 MN/m2. The allowable stress of the material (carbon steel) is 1040 MN/m2. Weld joint efficiency is 85 per cent. Determine optimum dimensions of the autoclave if the following cost ratios are applicable:
(a) The cost of fabricated shell is estimated to vary inversely with D”4 where D is the inside diameter of the autoclave.
(b) The fabricated cost of top and bottom heads per unit weight is 1.5 times the fabricated cost of shell per unit weight. A 12 mm plate is available in store. Check if it can be used for the fabrication of shell of the autoclave. Alternatively, suggest the suitable thickness of plate required for the fabrication of shell of the autoclave. (40)
8. (a) What are phase margin and gain margin? Discuss their utility in control tunnings. (10)(b) Discuss procedure for plotting of open loop transfer function by root locus method. (10)(c) How do you measure liquid level if the liquid contains suspended solid particles? Suggest measuring instrument along with the principle of working. (10)(d) Explain elements of a computer control system. (10)
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