Why reaction will takes place

Every compound tries to be in stable state by gaining or losing of electrons. In  order to get or lose the electron atoms or molecules reacts with other molecule and goes to a stable state.

Note:

Reaction is only possible when 'Gibb's free energy change' is negative

What are the Units of viscosity

Viscosity:

where μ is the proportionality factor called viscosity.
 
Viscosity is a measure of resistance of a fluid which is under a stress or tensile strength.

Units of viscosity:

SI units: kg/m.s
CGS units: g/cm.s or poise (P)


In most of the situations and in literature viscosity will be expressed in poise
units.


1 poise (P) = 0.1 kg/m.s

What is the Driving force for Mass Transfer operations

Driving force for mass transfer operations is "chemical potential". 

If we say driving force as concentration it is wrong because it is one of the effect of mass transfer and it is not a cause.

What is volute in centrifugal pump, uses of volute in centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pump is as shown in the figure.

In this figure observe the vanes shape and impeller direction.

Volute: It is the gap between the casing and the impeller. There are two uses with volute of the centrifugal pump.

1. In this volute kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. As the cross section area increases, the volute reduces the velocity of the liquid and increases the pressure of the liquid.
2. One of the main purposes of a volute casing is to help balance the hydraulic pressure on the shaft of the pump. However, this occurs best at the manufacturer's recommended capacity. Running volute-style pumps at a lower capacity than the manufacturer recommends can put lateral stress on the shaft of the pump, increasing wear-and-tear on the seals and bearings, and on the shaft itself.

Centrifugal pumps are used for large discharge through smaller heads.

Draw the centrifugal pump diagram and show the impeller and fluid flow direction

Centrifugal pump is as shown in the figure.

In this figure observe the vanes shape and impeller direction.

Volute: It is the gap between the casing and the impeller. There are two uses with volute of the centrifugal pump.

1. In this volute kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. As the cross section area increases, the volute reduces the velocity of the liquid and increases the pressure of the liquid.
2. One of the main purposes of a volute casing is to help balance the hydraulic pressure on the shaft of the pump. However, this occurs best at the manufacturer's recommended capacity. Running volute-style pumps at a lower capacity than the manufacturer recommends can put lateral stress on the shaft of the pump, increasing wear-and-tear on the seals and bearings, and on the shaft itself.

Centrifugal pumps are used for large discharge through smaller heads.